History and modern methods of oil refining: from feedstock to petroleum products

Refining petroleum is a complex process that has undergone significant changes throughout history. From antiquity, when oil was used for lighting and lubrication, to modern technologies that produce a wide range of valuable petroleum products. Let’s take a look at the main stages of modern oil refining in refineries.

The main stages of crude oil refining

Distillation: The first stage of refining is the distillation, or fractionation, of crude oil. In refineries, crude oil is heated and then cooled in special columns to separate it into its various components by boiling.

Conversion: After distillation, crude oil may be subjected to conversion processes including hydrocracking, hydrotreating, and other technologies to improve quality and increase the yield of valuable products.

Fractionation: F ractions obtained from crude oil are further fractionated to produce specific petroleum products with different characteristics and properties.

Purification and treatment: At the last stage, refined products undergo purification and treatment, including filtration, desulphurisation, hydrotreating and other processes aimed at improving their quality.


Types of petroleum products obtained in the process of refining crude oil and their use

Petrol: One of the most common petroleum products used in road transport and industry as a fuel.

Diesel: Used in diesel vehicle engines and many industrial processes.

Fuel oil: Used as a fuel for power plants, heating and electricity generation.

Paraffin: Used in aviation as jet fuel.

Petroleum fractions: Includes lubricating oils, gas and grease products used in industry and households.

Propane and butane: Gas fractions used as liquefied gas fuels or raw materials for plastics and fertiliser production.

Modern technology makes it possible not only to refine crude oil efficiently, but also to produce a wide range of valuable petroleum products to support economic activity and meet the needs of industry and the public.

To read the full article on the history and modern methods of oil refining, please visit our REFRAT website at this link.

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