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Official state public registers of companies. Partner data verification for successful and safe transactions.

  In the world of business, transparency and reliability of information play a crucial role. This is especially true in the wholesale trade of petroleum products, where every transaction requires thorough verification of counterparties and partners. One of the most effective ways to ensure safety and reliability in business relations is to turn to public registers of companies. Public registers are databases containing information about legal entities, their registration, activities, directors and other essential aspects. For petroleum products traders around the world, access to such registers is becoming an integral part of the pre-transaction analysis process. In this article, we offer a useful resource for our readers – a list of official public company registries in various countries around the world. We place particular emphasis on public data sources, excluding unverified private resources, to ensure the reliability and validity of the information provided.
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POP (Proof Of Product). Basic set of documents for goods in international trade

  In the world of international wholesale trade, including oil and petroleum products, where large volumes of goods are shipped across different countries and continents, ensuring the transparency of the transaction and verifying the authenticity of the goods is a matter of paramount importance. However, there are many fraudsters in the oil trade who seek to defraud customers by forging documents or offering non-existent or substandard goods. In order to protect the interests of customers and ensure successful transactions, it is necessary to strictly adhere to a certain set of documents, as well as to pay special attention to the details of verification of these documents. First of all, the presence of a correct and complete set of documents is necessary for the legal import of goods into the customs territory of the country of destination for customs clearance and import procedures. But also – the initial check and analysis of documents before the transaction, will allo
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Exchange quotations for crude oil and petroleum products. Main aspects and pricing mechanisms. Platts.

  Petroleum products play a key role in the global economy and their prices are one of the most important factors for many countries and companies. Understanding how crude oil and petroleum products are quoted on exchanges and what factors influence pricing is critical to successfully participating in wholesale international trade. Price formation mechanism The price of crude oil and petroleum products is formed on the world commodity exchanges where these commodities are traded. The main factors affecting price formation include: Supply and demand: Stable supply and demand for crude oil and petroleum products are the key factors that determine their prices. Changes in production, geopolitical environment, and economic trends affect the balance between supply and demand. Geopolitical developments: Tensions in oil-producing countries, conflicts, sanctions and political decisions can have a significant impact on the prices of crude oil and refined products.
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Refineries of the World: Comprehensive Database

  In today’s world, petroleum refining plays a key role in the energy infrastructure of many countries, producing a variety of petroleum products needed to support economic activity and day-to-day functioning. Refineries (refineries) are the heart of this industry, processing crude oil into a variety of fuels, lubricants and chemicals. In this article we present an extensive database of all known refineries in the world for every single country in the world. Our goal is to provide readers with complete and unbiased information about all real refineries that exist in the world. Unfortunately, many companies write on their websites and in their articles that they are refineries, although in fact they are not. We tried to weed out false information and compile the list only from real production complexes, real refineries, which are involved in crude oil processing. We have collected information on companies and cities to create the most complete overview of this important
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Density of crude oil. The ratio of the mass of crude oil to its volume

  Density is a scalar physical quantity defined as the ratio of the mass of a body to the volume occupied by that body or as the derivative of mass by volume. Translated into ordinary language, it is the weight of oil in one cubic meter. Density is an important indicator of the quality of crude oil. The heavier the oil, the more heavy components it contains, and accordingly, obtaining finished petroleum products from which will require higher temperatures and deep cracking. Conversely, the lighter the crude oil, the less high temperatures will be required to produce petroleum products. Oil density (volumetric mass) varies between 730-1040 kg/m³. In practice, for its measurement, the units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) are more often used and, accordingly, the density of oil varies within the range of 0.730-1.040 g/cm³. The most common values of oil density are 0.82-0.90 g/cm³. You can read the full article on crude oil density, at this link on REFRAT's w
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FOB transaction procedures with petroleum products in key world ports: Rotterdam, Fujairah, Houston.

  International trade in petroleum products is a key element of today’s global economy, driving price trends and providing energy security for countries and regions. In this article, we will focus on FOB (Free On Board) in-port fuel sales and purchases, highlighting the most common procedures associated with these transactions, as well as the risks that may arise for both customers and suppliers during the implementation of these procedures. We will detail information on what to pay special attention to when dealing with various procedures, what are the hidden nuances and possible frauds, what risks arise when using these or those procedures, and how to maximise efficiency in such transactions. The FOB transaction procedure in the oil products sector, in its classical form, implies that the supplier sells his oil products in his port of departure and the buyer charters a vessel and sends it to the seller’s port for loading. Historically, many large world ports have
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The importance of laboratory testing of petroleum products in trade. SGS, Intertek and other laboratories.

  In the international trade of petroleum products, every stage of the transaction is critical, and confirming the quality and quantity of the product during the transaction is crucial to ensure safety and trust between the parties. One of the key points along the way is laboratory testing of petroleum products to ensure that they meet quality and safety standards, confirm quantities or their origin. Sampling process for petroleum products Sampling of petroleum products is a demanding process that requires strict adherence to certain regulations and standards. Samples are usually taken from above-ground storage tanks or on board a ship using specialised equipment to avoid possible contamination or misrepresentation of results. Sampling is carried out exclusively by licensed laboratory technicians who have obtained the appropriate security clearances and permits. Samples are then transported to independent private laboratories for analysis using high-precision equip
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